Historical and Philosophical Essence of Turkic Alevism Bektashism

Abstract

The article examines the historical-philosophical essence of the Turkic Sufi mystical-religious phenomenon of Alevism-Bektashism. The study was written to examine the Turkic mystical tradition that constitutes the historical and philosophical essence of Alevi-Bektashism. It was emphasized that Ahmed al-Yassawi is considered the progenitor of all Turkic Sufis, and that Haji Bektash is descended from him. It is noted that Ahmed al-Yassawi’s Divani Hikmet (collection of wisdom) is still a poetic guide for achieving human perfection. It is also stated that Haji Bektash’s “Maqalyat” is a guide book with a mystical content, which is addressed to students entering the path of Sufi service.

Society’s attitude towards the Sufi tariqats was represented by the stance of the ruling elite, who functionally utilized religion infused with social meanings, and labeled their opponents as anti-religious and anti-social. To the question of why Sufism, despite prohibitions and persecution, has become so widespread from Indonesia on the Pacific Ocean to Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean, Sufis prove how and why the idea of perfection can be accepted by any society, regardless of its nominal and social structure. . The purpose of the research is to analyze the prerequisites for the emergence of Turkic Sufism from the perspectives of social philosophy and philosophy of history, to generalize the scientific knowledge about Sufism, and to reassess the historical and philosophical essence of Turkic Alevism-Bektashism. To achieve the goal of the study, the following scientific methods were used: the method of historical and philosophical analysis, the axiological approach - the assessment of phenomena, processes and situations from the standpoint of the value system of the Alevi-Bektashi teachings, and the comparison method.